This is a free Java calculator tutorial developed using Java Swing. Below you will find the java code for calculator along with the screenshot. It is a basic four-function calculator java program source code. The calculator that we build will look like:

 

Java simple calculator

 

• 1. A four-function calculator with the following functions:

•     Addition - adds two numbers: n1 + n2.
•     Subtraction - subtracts number two from number one: n1 - n2.
•     Multiplication - Multiplies two numbers: n1 * n2.
•     Division - divides number two into number one: n1 / n2.

•  

• 2. Used JButton for the numbers and functions.

• 3. Used Jmenu for File and help.

• 4. Created a class to respond to the events caused by numbers, functions, exit, help and about functionality.
•  
• 5. Used BorderLayout to layout various components in the Calculator Frame. A BorderLayout lays out a container, arranging and resizing its components to fit in five regions: north, south, east, west, and center.

Java Calculator Source Code

/*
Name: Hemanth. B
Website: java-swing-tutorial.html

Topic: A basic Java Swing Calculator

Conventions Used in Source code
---------------------------------
	1. All JLabel components start with jlb*
	2. All JPanel components start with jpl*
	3. All JMenu components start with jmenu*
	4. All JMenuItem components start with jmenuItem*
	5. All JDialog components start with jdlg*
	6. All JButton components start with jbn*
*/

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;

public class Calculator extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
	// Variables
	final int MAX_INPUT_LENGTH = 20;
	final int INPUT_MODE = 0;
	final int RESULT_MODE = 1;
	final int ERROR_MODE = 2;
	int displayMode;

	boolean clearOnNextDigit, percent;
	double lastNumber;
	String lastOperator;

	private JMenu jmenuFile, jmenuHelp;
	private JMenuItem jmenuitemExit, jmenuitemAbout;
	
	private JLabel jlbOutput;
	private JButton jbnButtons[];
	private JPanel jplMaster, jplBackSpace, jplControl;
	
	/*
	 * Font(String name, int style, int size)
      Creates a new Font from the specified name, style and point size.
	 */
	
	Font f12 = new Font("Times New Roman", 0, 12);
	Font f121 = new Font("Times New Roman", 1, 12);
	
	// Constructor 
	public Calculator() 
	{
		/* Set Up the JMenuBar.
		 * Have Provided All JMenu's with Mnemonics
		 * Have Provided some JMenuItem components with Keyboard Accelerators
		 */ 
		
		jmenuFile = new JMenu("File");
		jmenuFile.setFont(f121);
		jmenuFile.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_F);
		
		jmenuitemExit = new JMenuItem("Exit");
		jmenuitemExit.setFont(f12);
		jmenuitemExit.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( KeyEvent.VK_X, 
								ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK));
		jmenuFile.add(jmenuitemExit);

		jmenuHelp = new JMenu("Help");
		jmenuHelp.setFont(f121);
		jmenuHelp.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_H);

		jmenuitemAbout = new JMenuItem("About Calculator");
		jmenuitemAbout.setFont(f12);
		jmenuHelp.add(jmenuitemAbout);
		
		JMenuBar mb = new JMenuBar();
		mb.add(jmenuFile);
		mb.add(jmenuHelp);
		setJMenuBar(mb);
		
		//Set frame layout manager

		setBackground(Color.gray);

		jplMaster = new JPanel();

		jlbOutput = new JLabel("0");
		jlbOutput.setHorizontalTextPosition(JLabel.RIGHT);
		jlbOutput.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
		jlbOutput.setOpaque(true);
		
		// Add components to frame
		getContentPane().add(jlbOutput, BorderLayout.NORTH);

		jbnButtons = new JButton[23];
//		GridLayout(int rows, int cols, int hgap, int vgap) 

		JPanel jplButtons = new JPanel();		// container for Jbuttons

		// Create numeric Jbuttons
		for (int i=0; i<=9; i++)
		{
			// set each Jbutton label to the value of index
			jbnButtons[i] = new JButton(String.valueOf(i));
		}

		// Create operator Jbuttons
		jbnButtons[10] = new JButton("+/-");
		jbnButtons[11] = new JButton(".");
		jbnButtons[12] = new JButton("=");
		jbnButtons[13] = new JButton("/");
		jbnButtons[14] = new JButton("*");
		jbnButtons[15] = new JButton("-");
		jbnButtons[16] = new JButton("+");
		jbnButtons[17] = new JButton("sqrt");
		jbnButtons[18] = new JButton("1/x");
		jbnButtons[19] = new JButton("%");
		
		jplBackSpace = new JPanel();
		jplBackSpace.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1, 2, 2));

		jbnButtons[20] = new JButton("Backspace");
		jplBackSpace.add(jbnButtons[20]);

		jplControl = new JPanel();
		jplControl.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2, 2 ,2));

		jbnButtons[21] = new JButton(" CE ");
		jbnButtons[22] = new JButton("C");

		jplControl.add(jbnButtons[21]);
		jplControl.add(jbnButtons[22]);

//		Setting all Numbered JButton's to Blue. The rest to Red
		for (int i=0; i<jbnButtons.length; i++)	{
			jbnButtons[i].setFont(f12);

			if (i<10)
				jbnButtons[i].setForeground(Color.blue);
				
			else
				jbnButtons[i].setForeground(Color.red);
		}
	
		// Set panel layout manager for a 4 by 5 grid
		jplButtons.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 5, 2, 2));
		
		//Add buttons to keypad panel starting at top left
		// First row
		for(int i=7; i<=9; i++)		{
			jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[i]);
		}
		
		// add button / and sqrt
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[13]);
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[17]);
		
		// Second row
		for(int i=4; i<=6; i++)
		{
			jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[i]);
		}
		
		// add button * and x^2
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[14]);
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[18]);

		// Third row
		for( int i=1; i<=3; i++)
		{
			jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[i]);
		}
		
		//adds button - and %
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[15]);
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[19]);
		
		//Fourth Row
		// add 0, +/-, ., +, and =
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[0]);
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[10]);
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[11]);
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[16]);
		jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[12]);
		
		jplMaster.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		jplMaster.add(jplBackSpace, BorderLayout.WEST);
		jplMaster.add(jplControl, BorderLayout.EAST);
		jplMaster.add(jplButtons, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

		// Add components to frame
		getContentPane().add(jplMaster, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		requestFocus();
		
		//activate ActionListener
		for (int i=0; i<jbnButtons.length; i++){
			jbnButtons[i].addActionListener(this);
		}
		
		jmenuitemAbout.addActionListener(this);
		jmenuitemExit.addActionListener(this);

		clearAll();

		//add WindowListener for closing frame and ending program
		addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {

				public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e)
				{
					System.exit(0);
				}
			}
		);
	}	//End of Contructor Calculator

	// Perform action
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
		double result = 0;
	   
		if(e.getSource() == jmenuitemAbout){
		  JDialog dlgAbout = new CustomABOUTDialog(this, 
								"About Java Swing Calculator", true);
			dlgAbout.setVisible(true);
		}else if(e.getSource() == jmenuitemExit){
			System.exit(0);
		}	

		// Search for the button pressed until end of array or key found
		for (int i=0; i<jbnButtons.length; i++)
		{
			if(e.getSource() == jbnButtons[i])
			{
				switch(i)
				{
					case 0:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 1:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 2:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 3:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 4:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 5:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 6:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 7:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 8:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 9:
						addDigitToDisplay(i);
						break;

					case 10:	// +/-
						processSignChange();
						break;

					case 11:	// decimal point
						addDecimalPoint();
						break;

					case 12:	// =
						processEquals();
						break;

					case 13:	// divide
						processOperator("/");
						break;

					case 14:	// *
						processOperator("*");
						break;

					case 15:	// -
						processOperator("-");
						break;

					case 16:	// +
						processOperator("+");
						break;

					case 17:	// sqrt
						if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE)
						{
						   try
							{
								if (getDisplayString().indexOf("-") == 0)
								    displayError("Invalid input for function!");

								result = Math.sqrt(getNumberInDisplay());
								displayResult(result);
							}

							catch(Exception ex)
							{
								displayError("Invalid input for function!");
								displayMode = ERROR_MODE;
							}
						}
						break;

					case 18:	// 1/x
						if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE){
							try
							{
								if (getNumberInDisplay() == 0)
									displayError("Cannot divide by zero!");
	
								result = 1 / getNumberInDisplay();
								displayResult(result);
							}
							
							catch(Exception ex)	{
								displayError("Cannot divide by zero!");
								displayMode = ERROR_MODE;
							}
						}
						break;

					case 19:	// %
						if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE){
							try	{
								result = getNumberInDisplay() / 100;
								displayResult(result);
							}
	
							catch(Exception ex)	{
								displayError("Invalid input for function!");
								displayMode = ERROR_MODE;
							}
						}
						break;

					case 20:	// backspace
						if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE){
							setDisplayString(getDisplayString().substring(0,
									  getDisplayString().length() - 1));
							
							if (getDisplayString().length() < 1)
								setDisplayString("0");
						}
						break;

					case 21:	// CE
						clearExisting();
						break;

					case 22:	// C
						clearAll();
						break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	void setDisplayString(String s){
		jlbOutput.setText(s);
	}

	String getDisplayString (){
		return jlbOutput.getText();
	}

	void addDigitToDisplay(int digit){
		if (clearOnNextDigit)
			setDisplayString("");

		String inputString = getDisplayString();
		
		if (inputString.indexOf("0") == 0){
			inputString = inputString.substring(1);
		}

		if ((!inputString.equals("0") || digit > 0)  
							&& inputString.length() < MAX_INPUT_LENGTH){
			setDisplayString(inputString + digit);
		}
		

		displayMode = INPUT_MODE;
		clearOnNextDigit = false;
	}

	void addDecimalPoint(){
		displayMode = INPUT_MODE;

		if (clearOnNextDigit)
			setDisplayString("");

		String inputString = getDisplayString();
	
		// If the input string already contains a decimal point, don't
		//  do anything to it.
		if (inputString.indexOf(".") < 0)
			setDisplayString(new String(inputString + "."));
	}

	void processSignChange(){
		if (displayMode == INPUT_MODE)
		{
			String input = getDisplayString();

			if (input.length() > 0 && !input.equals("0"))
			{
				if (input.indexOf("-") == 0)
					setDisplayString(input.substring(1));

				else
					setDisplayString("-" + input);
			}
			
		}

		else if (displayMode == RESULT_MODE)
		{
			double numberInDisplay = getNumberInDisplay();
		
			if (numberInDisplay != 0)
				displayResult(-numberInDisplay);
		}
	}

	void clearAll()	{
		setDisplayString("0");
		lastOperator = "0";
		lastNumber = 0;
		displayMode = INPUT_MODE;
		clearOnNextDigit = true;
	}

	void clearExisting(){
		setDisplayString("0");
		clearOnNextDigit = true;
		displayMode = INPUT_MODE;
	}

	double getNumberInDisplay()	{
		String input = jlbOutput.getText();
		return Double.parseDouble(input);
	}

	void processOperator(String op) {
		if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE)
		{
			double numberInDisplay = getNumberInDisplay();

			if (!lastOperator.equals("0"))	
			{
				try
				{
					double result = processLastOperator();
					displayResult(result);
					lastNumber = result;
				}

				catch (DivideByZeroException e)
				{
				}
			}
		
			else
			{
				lastNumber = numberInDisplay;
			}
			
			clearOnNextDigit = true;
			lastOperator = op;
		}
	}

	void processEquals(){
		double result = 0;

		if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE){
			try			
			{
				result = processLastOperator();
				displayResult(result);
			}
			
			catch (DivideByZeroException e)	{
				displayError("Cannot divide by zero!");
			}

			lastOperator = "0";
		}
	}

	double processLastOperator() throws DivideByZeroException {
		double result = 0;
		double numberInDisplay = getNumberInDisplay();

		if (lastOperator.equals("/"))
		{
			if (numberInDisplay == 0)
				throw (new DivideByZeroException());

			result = lastNumber / numberInDisplay;
		}
			
		if (lastOperator.equals("*"))
			result = lastNumber * numberInDisplay;

		if (lastOperator.equals("-"))
			result = lastNumber - numberInDisplay;

		if (lastOperator.equals("+"))
			result = lastNumber + numberInDisplay;

		return result;
	}

	void displayResult(double result){
		setDisplayString(Double.toString(result));
		lastNumber = result;
		displayMode = RESULT_MODE;
		clearOnNextDigit = true;
	}

	void displayError(String errorMessage){
		setDisplayString(errorMessage);
		lastNumber = 0;
		displayMode = ERROR_MODE;
		clearOnNextDigit = true;
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		Calculator calci = new Calculator();
		Container contentPane = calci.getContentPane();
//		contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		calci.setTitle("Java Swing Calculator");
		calci.setSize(241, 217);
		calci.pack();
		calci.setLocation(400, 250);
		calci.setVisible(true);
		calci.setResizable(false);
	}
	
}		//End of Swing Calculator Class.

class DivideByZeroException extends Exception{
	public DivideByZeroException()
	{
		super();
	}
	
	public DivideByZeroException(String s)
	{
		super(s);
	}
}

class CustomABOUTDialog extends JDialog implements ActionListener {
	JButton jbnOk;

	CustomABOUTDialog(JFrame parent, String title, boolean modal){
		super(parent, title, modal);
		setBackground(Color.black);
		
		JPanel p1 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));

		StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer();
		text.append("Calculator Information\n\n");
		text.append("Developer:	Hemanth\n");
		text.append("Version:	1.0");
		
		JTextArea jtAreaAbout = new JTextArea(5, 21);
		jtAreaAbout.setText(text.toString());
		jtAreaAbout.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", 1, 13));
		jtAreaAbout.setEditable(false);

		p1.add(jtAreaAbout);
		p1.setBackground(Color.red);
		getContentPane().add(p1, BorderLayout.CENTER);

		JPanel p2 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
		jbnOk = new JButton(" OK ");
		jbnOk.addActionListener(this);

		p2.add(jbnOk);
		getContentPane().add(p2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

		setLocation(408, 270);
		setResizable(false);

		addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
				public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
				{
					Window aboutDialog = e.getWindow();
					aboutDialog.dispose();
				}
			}
		);

		pack();
	}

	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
	{
		if(e.getSource() == jbnOk)	{
			this.dispose();
		}
	}
	
}

Download Java Calculator Source Code